英语语法知识难点(一)
(一) 形容词和副词
I. 要点
A.形容词
1、 形容词的用法
形容词是用来修饰、描绘名词的,通常在句中作定语、表语或宾补,有时还可作状语。
如:He is honest and hardworking.
I found the book interesting.
某些形容词与定冠词连用表示一类人作主语时,谓语通常用复数形式。
如:The rich and the poor live in different parts of the city.
The English like to be with their families.
多个形容词作定语修饰名词的顺序:
冠词+序数词+基数词+性质状态(描述性)+形状大小+新旧老少+颜色+国籍+材料+名词。
如:the second five interesting big new red Chinese wall papers.
2、 形容词比较等级的形式
(1) 规则形式:一般说来,单音节词及少数双音节词在后加-er; --est 来构成比较级和最高级;其他双音节词及多音节词在前加more, most.
如:great-greater-greatest
busy-busier-busiest
important-more important-(the)most important
(2) 不规则形式
good (well)-better-best
bad (ill)-worse-worst
many (much)-more-most
little-less-least
(3) 形容词比较等级的用法
表示两者的比较,用形容词的比较级+than.
如:He is cleverer than the other boys.
This one is more beautiful than that one.
表示两者以上的比较,用"the +形容词最高级(+名词)+of(in) …"
如:He is the cleverest boy in his class.
表示两者是同等程度,用"as +形容词原级+as".
如:He is as tall as I.
I have as many books as you.
越… 越…
例如:The more I learn, the happier I am.
You can never be too careful. 越小心越好
又如:You can never praise the teacher too highly. 你怎么赞扬这个老师也不过分。
I have never spent a more worrying day. 那一天是最令我担心的一天。
I have never had a better dinner. 这是我吃过的最好的一顿饭。
My English is no better than yours. 我的英语和你的英语都不怎么样。
B.副词
1、 副词的种类
(1) 时间副词 如:ago, before, already, just, now, early, late, finally, tomorrow等
(2) 地点副词 如:here, there, near, around, in, out, up, down, back, away, outside等。
(3) 方式副词 如:carefully, angrily, badly, calmly, loudly, quickly, politely, nervously等。
(4) 程度副词 如:almost, nearly, much, greatly, a bit, a little, hardly, so, very等。
2、 副词比较等级的用法 其用法与形容词相似,只是副词最高级前可省略定冠词。
如:Of all the boys he sings (the) most beautifully.
We must work harder.
3、 某些副词在用法上的区别
(1) already, yet, still
already表示某事物已经发生,主要用于肯定句;
yet表示期待某事发生,主要用于否定句和疑问句;
still表示某事还在进行,主要用于肯定句和疑问句,有时也可用于否定句。
如:We've already watched that film.
I haven't finished my homework yet.
He still works until late every night.
(2) too, as well, also, either
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